Criminology

In the United States the main role of the police was to enforce the law, as well as to enforce the political powers, check and controlled the number of aliens as well as protecting properties. The growth of necessities in the civil government brought about the growth. As the valuable properties and subsequent inequality amongst the citizens increased, people continued to divide into two main groups-the rich and the poor.  The rich were at no peace as the poor continued to seek for equality and satisfy their envy.  The law enforcement body was thus developed to quench the need to safeguard the rich from the poor and to secure their property.

Levels of Jurisdiction
The jurisdictions are based on the geographical location for example division, a country within a country or involving many countries. Every level has a level in which it operates. For example across many countries, the jurisdiction hardly deals with direct law enforcement, rather it participate in activities related to law enforcement. The international level of Jurisdiction sorts out issues related to forum shopping.

The supranational level of jurisdiction involves various convention obligations and treaties in order to acquire litigants rights and judgment and there after to enforce the judgment (Mark, 2004, p. 24-30).
National level of jurisdiction is practiced in large nations which require subunits. The legislature and executives defines the subunits to involve the court system in exercising the jurisdiction
State level of jurisdiction is practiced within different states, with the states government determining and allocating the jurisdiction.

Multiple functions of modern law enforcement agencies
Law enforcement agencies operate every hour of the day year-round. The agency maintains order by ensuring that every citizen is at peace. This is achieved by curbing behaviors which limit peaceful living, for example a barking dog.

The agencies use their power to ensure that the states Laws are adhered to. This is achieved by identifying both the law violators and the suspects. (Bernard, 2007, p. 89).

The agencies are committed to rendering services to all citizens. The services include giving guiding information to various people in need such as directions to the tourists, and education to drug users, as well as first aid to victims of crime and accidents.

Apart from responding to trouble, the agencies also help in sorting out inconveniences. For example they refer citizens to other agencies, participate in finding lost properties

Historical events that has shaped modern policing practices
Many events have occurred that have shaped modern policing practices. Among these events include the policing protest events, and many fight to curb trafficking. The ethical decisions, together with professionalisms, sum up to law enforcement. (Cole and Smith, 2004, p. 45).Focused citizens also play a role in shaping modern policing practices as they serve as role models.
Scenario responses.

Question 1
 If I found an intoxicated driver as a neighbor I would handle him her as a law breaker. With this I will have contributed to law enforcement and I will have rendered my service without bias. Historically, the agency wound use physical force together with the power, but today professionalism and ethical decisions are used to ensure that the law is enforced

Question 2
In any case of robbery, it is ethical to investigate the robbery irrespective of who the robber is. One being known as a drug dealer and the other being colleague does not mean the drug dealer is guilty and the officer innocent. This needs to be proved since a drug dealer can be innocent and vice versa.

Question 3
The international level of jurisdiction is responsible. It is good to get to the site of the bank in company of the citizen. This will ensure that the citizen is accountable for the statement he or she made. Incase it is a lie, the citizen should be punished.

Question 4
As a law enforcement agency, it is my duty to ensure everybody is at peace. In this case I would identify the individual threatening to commit suicide and investigate on how true the accusation is. If true, then he or she will have violated the law by disturbing others and threats to commit suicide.

Question 5
Being winter the individuals could not be law violators so I would ensure a close surveillance.

Question 6
The law should be bound by any citizen irrespective of his or her work. Law enforcers also need to bind to the states law. In this case, I would not take my colleagues side as this would mean violating the states law as well as professional ethics.

Summary Reaction
Policing profession encounters evolving threats. To ensure that the mission of the profession is achieved ethical decisions should be incorporated with code of conduct. Without the ethical ties we can end up with bias in policing profession

It is important to always maintain ethical and professional behavior as the drive force in order to render quality service to the society. With the ethical and professional behavior the norms can be eliminated from the society, either directly or indirectly. To ensure the law enforcement agencies are effective in their work, their training should be carried out in a way that will equip them with the standard values, mission statement and code of conduct.