Criminology

The struggle for the unionists and the republicans was on the peak in the twentieth century Ireland. This was in the efforts for the Irish to gain independence from the British. The Irish tried a revolution in 1920s which never worked but they were given independence. Under the commanding by Collins the Irish Republic Army (IRA) was formed and trained on terrorist means of attacking the British. The IRA heavily fought the Irish government forces in claim for extension of the independence to all the Irish people. This was due to the difference in the control of the north and south parts of the country. The British government was controlling the northern region. This led to the loss of lives and even the murder of Michael Collins. As a result the country was dividing since the British had heavily invaded the north with a strong police force. There was an intensive terrorist campaign that took place in the early sixties against the British. But the Irish people were against the move and the lack of public support led to their retreat. (White, J 2009).

In 1969, there was an intensive catholic civil rights campaign which led to the rebirth of the Irish Republic Army. This was with an aim to fighting the Catholics. The Catholics and the Protestants in the north were unequal where the Protestants had increased civil rights and strong unions with respect to the Catholics that never had. The Catholics were demonstrating for the equality on the civil rights with the Protestants. This was in effort to support the Catholics economically and enable them to pursue in education and also good housing.

The northern government heavily attacked the civil rights activists and demonstrators but they never attacked the Protestants. But the IRA was adamant and never took sides in the demonstrations. In the summer of 1969, the demonstrators for both the Protestants and the Catholics crashed and violence in the streets until the British government came for rescue. The entry of the British peace keepers led to the rebirth of IRA, where two assumed two roles. One of the IRA group supported the peace keepers while the other group were opposing the mission. The peace keeping forces took sides with one of the party IRA soldiers and this decision paved way for reinforcement. Considering the country was under effect of repression, the republicans were supporting the British troop expecting to get protection from the unionists and the police. (White, J 2009).

But this led to frustrations since the British army was progressively increasing their oppressing measures and the Catholic neighborhoods were surrounded and gassed by military forces in search for subversives.  This eventually led to the withdrawal of support from the Republicans. As a result, the Catholics together with the republicans joined hands with the IRA and together focused on the British soldiers as the enemy. This new policy gave birth to political differences with the main aim of fighting back the British soldiers. (Tim P).

This mobilized for the immense support for the IRA and multiplied in ranks expeditiously. Using the experience they had earned from the same British soldiers, any step meant by the British soldiers was also taking action simultaneously. The conflict took its climax when the British soldiers attempted to attack the unionists and intensive terrorism took place. This resulted to the call for legal means to solve the violence by the year 1972 from the Northern Ireland government. (White, J 2009).

The type of terrorism practiced by IRA is well understood by the use of structural framework. They were the initial group to shift from the social political terrorism to ethnic political and quasi religious terrorism. This later turned into a combination of the two. Looking at how they disowned one religious group was a way to create the internal conflicts. They were localized terrorists that were prioritizing their local agendas. The group reflected an organic organizational structure adaptation as well as its own powerful underpinnings. This is through the use of various violent tactics where they were aware of the asymmetrical nature of the armed confrontations that is fought by the insurgents and their enemy significance (White 2009). They would indirectly work with the British forces, in the name of two parallel groups. This usually helped them in networking and the gaining of knowledge and skills on how the soldiers work for them to respond appropriately and help gain absolute superiority in military force, arms and other resources. They used innovative types of offensive operations that were not focused on defending a fixed base. In this case, the technique makes it difficult for the state to counter and attack them and could only be effectively carried out by a new type of organization (White, 2009).

This enabled them to separate into two firing groups but the two groups are coordinated by a single person. The coordinator directs the separated and sealed off firing groups that were then coordinated by one or two persons. These tasks were finally planned at the macro level and the group was able to support itself and rise through the support of the masses. This call for the general command and the followers at the lower levels take the tasks with preference. Being in ability to recruit more followers in the group who are ready to attack portrays their sufficient networking that helps to sustain the movement. (Ekaterina S 2003).

In conclusion, the excellence of any particular group and vision depends on the timing and accuracy. This would also depend on the tactics incorporated to retreat. The Ireland Republic Army (IRA) was on the downfall due to lack of popularity. They were able to realize a gap in the leadership styles and came back at the appropriate time. Not knowing the outcome, they worked on double standardization where they were on both the attacking and the attacked party. This technique worked perfectly and they were able move up the leading post and high military levels. This manner of terrorism can deeply be explained by the use of structural frame wok of terrorism considering the group was at national level.