Criminology

The Civil Rights movement in the United States has had a profound impact not only on social and political rights of Americans but on the American criminal justice system. Influenced by the social upheavals of the 1960s, civil rights consciousness seeped into the Supreme Court headed by the Chief Justice Earl Warren (1953-1969) (hereafter Warren Court) (Belknap  Warren, 2005). The Bill of Rights found its way into criminal procedure - the bulk of legal processes governing law enforcement agencies,...

Does prison work This question could be answered by considering the functions of prisons. In the not-so-distant past, prisons were intended to put away offenders so that the rest of society could go on living in a crime-free environment. This is the essence of the social protection theory of punishing offenders which refers to the act of rendering an offender incapable of further offenses temporarily through imprisonment or permanently by execution.Under this theory, the method (incarceration or...

The 1972 Olympic Games held in Munich, Germany started out as any other games held over the years (Bard 2). The games were being held 36 years after Germany had hosted the Olympics during Hitlers reign. Germans made several mistakes that resulted in a crisis during the games. The mistakes made are outlined and discussed in this paper.   According to Reeve, the Munich police ignored a letter sent to them by the German secret police about a potential attack on Munich. Reeve argues that the Germans...

The 1998 simultaneous US embassy bombings in Darussalam, Tanzania and Nairobi, Kenya were a sign of intelligence failure by the American government (Pike). This is because of the reliable evidence that was available to the CIA and FBI prior to the attacks.  In particular, the American government had overlooked the security concerns by the then U.S. ambassador in Kenya, Prudence Bushnell (Pike). This has also been closely attributed to the fact that Africa was perceived as being less prone to...

The article addresses the issue of white collar crime and the attitudes towards the punishment of white collar offenders in comparison to ordinary or street crime offenders in the United States of America. The article laments at how the public has been duped into seeing as victorious the parades of corporate executives going to jail for decades while the institutions they left behind are not changed to prohibit such crimes from recurring. The article criticizes the conspiracy by the government and...

When one thinks or hears of the word  Mafia,  what would immediately come into mind are gangsters or the mob, organized crime, secret rites, code of silence,  family,  illegal activities, the clich of making an offer one cannot refuse, and more often than not brutal public executions out of retribution.  What is even worse is Italians, including Americans of Italian descent are more often than not stereotyped as mafiosis compared to other ethnic groups in the United States,...

Due to the sudden increase in female convictions and prison sentences, it must be determined if there is a correlation between the crimes that lead to prison sentences and gang affiliations.  It must also be determined if gang membership post-conviction is due to a psychological dysfunction or disorder among female gang members.  Women entering prison as non-gang members but who later join a gang while incarcerated must be examined for psychological disorders, just as females who are already...

Charges The Prosecution will prefer charges by bringing evidence before a grand jury for the jury to determine whether  to issue an indictment against the accused. After the indictment is issued the case proceeds to trial before a petit jury. The jury is selected from a pool by the prosecution and the defense. The pool is prepared having regard to devotion to civic duty determined by registration as a voter among other parameters. When indicted the accused are required to answer to the charges....

Currently, many government accords a lot of priority to women on issues related to talking with victims of rape in comparison to men. Although the history of criminal justice shows that females have been ignored, recently there has been great focus on females rights and this has led to increased number of females joining justice system to be part of law enforcing body that address the female rape concerns. Although men are taught to have been helpful in enforcing laws that protects women from all...

Organized crime exists in almost all societies of the world. They control the dark world and are involved in a range of criminal acts such as drug trafficking, contracted murderers, kidnapping and supply of illegal goods such as weapons. Most criminal gangs are linked with international gangs which make them difficult to control. Organized crime has been considered as the greatest threat to security in the world due to its social, political and economical impact of international organized criminal...

In the 19th century in United States, many children who had been abandoned and who ran away from home to stay in streets turned out to be wild and unmanageable to the government. Many of them lived along the streets and stole or rob others their goods without mercy. As a result of their increasing number and the rise of petty young offenders aged 14-18 years, the United States government decided to come up with a special court called the juvenile court to deal with children cases and the rising...