Criminology

Drug and human trafficking together with terrorism are some of the most serious problems that afflict the worlds countries. The United States plays a significant role in the black market trade. Due to its position as the world economic power house, organized criminals will tend to use it as a destination or a transit point for drugs and persons.

On the other hand its common knowledge that, terrorists are very active around the globe. With events like 911 here in the United States and elsewhere in the world, terrorism has to be combated to ensure the security of this country and that of the world. Its for this reason therefore that this evaluation of three countries will come in handy to help the president make informed decisions about the best way to tackle the vices.
 
Introduction
Before evaluation is done its in order to shed some light on the problems being dealt with. Human beings are sneaked across borders where they end up in slavery and forced labor. According to the United Nations human trafficking is the illegal acquisition of human beings through fraud or deception with the main aim of exploiting them. In the United States trafficking is rampant especially by the drug cartels from South America. Human trafficking is partly to blame for the mess that the immigration system in the country is facing.

Drug trafficking on the other hand is the production and distribution controlled substances (Y Jeff, C Gabrielle C Todd, 2005 p, 1). Besides affecting thousands of American students education drugs have also adversely affected the health of American public. Some 5.7 million Americans were thought to be hooked to cocaine by the beginning of the last decade (CSR, 2006 p, 20).

According to the U.S State Department, terrorism is the calculated use of force that is intended to coerce governments, societies or individuals with an aim to achieve goals normally religious or political. The threat of terrorism still looms large as evidenced by the attempted bombing of a U.S airliner in the Christmas of 2009.  With the world increasingly becoming a global village, no country can afford to go it alone in global matters. Even the United States with its status as the sole super power cannot tackle the problems facing the world on its own. Cooperation of other countries is necessary to realize a safer world. Tackling, drugs and human trafficking and terrorism is one way of ensuring a safer world. The United States will need its allies and adversaries at the same time to effectively address the issues.

Deterrence of the criminals is Key to controlling of the problems (G Nuno, K Jonathan, P Fransesco, 2005). They will aid in the prevention of the actual occurrence of the crimes hence playing an important deterrence role. Canada, France and Iran will come in hand in the implementation of the strategy to combat the two problems identified above. The authorities in the countries identified will be requested to grant the United States their state resources in its efforts to fight the vices. Their police and judiciary especially will be necessary in the identification, adjudication and sentencing of criminals involved in illegal human and drug trafficking and for terrorism in each of the countries. To craft an effective strategy the level of operation of the countries instruments of power will have to be evaluated.

Evaluation
Before any evaluation is done its important to note that according to the CIA, the United States is the biggest market for drug trafficking and certainly a sizable one for human trafficking as well. The country is also the target of many terrorist organizations that if not disrupted may cause grievous harm. All efforts will be geared towards preventing entry of such individuals and their goods to the United States.  To prevent them from entering will require cooperation of the allies of the U.S who will assist in arresting and prosecuting the offenders effectively denying them the chance to carry out their activities. Some of the allies of the United States are well equipped to handle cases relating to the problems.

Canada
Canada is the United States most dependable neighbor and partner in efforts to combat trafficking and terrorism. Even though there is a serious drug problem in Mexico in the south Canadas well organized police and judicial system too will be needed on this front.

The two countries proximity to each other and developed economies means that they can be used as destination and transit points. According to the CIA, hydroponics technology is used in Canada to grow marijuana indoors which is later exported to the U.S. Its important therefore for the police especially the intelligence arms of the police to regularly exchange information. Extradition laws of both countries nationals will have to be amended to ensure nationals of   both countries can be tried in their respective countries.

However, in some cases like terrorism, the complexity that comes with them means that some level of military involvement. Suspects arrested by the police will have to be handed to the military where they will be tried in military courts owing to the nature of their crimes. Trafficking offences will be dealt with civilian courts except in cases where extradition is necessary.

France
While Canada will lead the North American efforts, France will be main focus in Europe. The UKs cooperation is almost assured and that is why attention may shift a little. There is growing religious extremism in France. Though not always, it has proven fertile ground for the breeding of terrorism. Due to the escalation of the problem of human and drug   trafficking in near neighboring Netherlands France no doubt will bear the brunt of the spillover of the problem. As a result, the country has acquired the status of a major transit point of drugs meant for the South American market. As with Canada the United States will rely on the French police and judicial system to combat the two problems. They too are well organized but cooperation between the United States in intelligence and their own will be inevitable. In France and Canada it can be summed up as follows
Regular tracking of suspects especially at entry point will be one of the strategies. Undercover operations will be intensified in the countries identified. The DEA may be requested to provide assistance to the respective countrys drug agencies, where necessary. Pre-emptive raiding of drug and human trafficking dens and terror training grounds will be inevitable. This will ensure the disruption of the activities that hence preventing the perpetrators from executing their plans.

Speedy trials will be encouraged but where the cases are complex authorities will need to delay till comprehensive investigations are done. Extradition of suspects will also be crucial in the fight against the two problems. The respective countries authorities will necessitate the process for speedy trials. In extreme cases where military trials of civilians is needed the allies may seek the assistance of the United States.

Iran
Iran has been labeled as one of the axis of evil countries in the past by the administration of President George Bush. No doubt Iran is one of the most defiant and wayward countries of the region. Besides there being evidence of its sponsorship of terrorism, its also emerging as military dictatorship. Every year thousands of people are moved into and out of Iran illegally (D Nassim, 2010 p, 66). Despite the problems facing it, its not lost to observers that its one of the most stable countries in a region almost constantly at war.

Irans stability is what will be crucial to the success any strategy that the United States will have in place to combat human and drug trafficking and terrorism. The Middle East is a volatile region afflicted largely with the above problem. Its apparent that most of the poppy grown in Afghanistan makes its way through Iran. Similarly there is overwhelming evidence linking Iran to some organizations classified as terrorist organizations.

There have been and still there are disagreements between the United States and Iran on a broad range of issues especially human rights and nuclear energy development. While the two countries cannot possibly see eye to eye on such issues a common ground can be found on other issues like human and drug trafficking and terrorism. Therefore it will be necessary to engage the government of Iran on a lower level to help the United States and the United Nations on the issues. Once again the instruments of power of the Iranian authorities will come in handy.

The police and judicial system in Iran is quite different from the other two allies. Sharia law is sparingly applied in Iran. Its unlikely that high level cooperation will be achieved between the American intelligence and Iranian police. But where necessary, such information will be shared to ensure criminals are arrested. However the Iranian law is quite tough on drug and human trafficking. Some differences may come up on how to deal with terrorism. The only way to ensure the Iranians willingness will be sharing information where their interests are threatened. By so doing they will consider cooperating with the United States in matters concerning trafficking and terrorism.

A more forceful approach to the Iranian drug and terrorism problem will be the increased surveillance of the international waters surrounding the country. Ships to and from Iran will be closely monitored and those suspected to be involved in terrorism and human and drug trafficking will be intercepted. The United Nations will ensure the suspects are tried according to internationally agreed standards to ensure human rights are upheld and justice is dispensed.

Conclusion
The three countries analyzed here are not the only ones that will help control human and drug trafficking and terrorism. As said earlier these are international problems and the global community participation is a must if any impact will be made at all. Let therefore these three be the starting points of engagements throughout the world. Asia and Africa are two other hotspots where the war on the vices should be taken. It should never be forgotten that a patchy approach will eventually achieve limited results. Nevertheless the impact that the initial countries will have no doubt will contribute to the safety and security of the United States and the world.