Criminology

It is easy to see the harsh realities occasioned by organized crime, just as it is equally easy to identify the characteristics of organized crime which are indeed many and varied. However, defining as well as understanding what organized and transnational organized crime is exactly, is what is necessary if any efforts to reduce or even eradicate it totally have to succeed. The definitions, which in fact vary due the varying nature of crime itself, will have a bearing on the punishments designed...

Describe Bayley s (1990) model of police structure. Give examples from four countries to illustrate your answer. Two aspects of Bayleys model of police structure centralisation of command Centralised means commands for operations passed down to sub units from single centre of command. Decentralised means sub units are autonomous or independent 2. number of commands singular command is having a single police force multiple commands means having more than one police force. These can either be...

Death penalty is a punishment given by the state to criminals who are involved in capital or serious crimes such as rape and homicide. It has been used in many nations over time but has since been abolished by some. Some of the countries that still use this method include Asian countries and the United States of America. There are different techniques used in execution namely use of electric chair, hanging, lethal injection, firing and use of a gas chamber (Lowenstein, 2001). There have been varying...

The Australias criminal justice system has been a subject of criticism. However, in order to access and evaluate the efficiency of the law, impartiality before law, right of entry to the law, implementation of the law, defense of individual rights, resource competence and equally how the civil liberties of individuals and the social order are balanced must be recognized. Therefore, for the Australias CJS to be seen as being effective, it must try to treat everyone equally, despite their individual...

The United States legal system which developed into one of the most sophisticated legal systems in the world has its roots in the English common law. The system depends on the adversarial systems of justice in that the litigants present their respective points of view before a neutral party. The litigants represented by their respective lawyers or attorneys present their arguments before a court of judge and jury who then settle the case on the basis of merits of the case. A plethora of rules designed...

1. FACTUAL SUMMARY The individual who has been chosen for this paper is Leroy Nicky Barnes who is an African American who became a legend in the history of organized crime. Born in October 15 1993, he is a former crime boss and even drug dealer who was the leader of the crime organization that was notoriously known as The Council, which mainly comprised of African  Americans (Roberts, 6). He was even nicknamed Mr. Untouchable owing to the manner in which his operations were well calculated....

Justifying the punishment of men This paper presents an analysis of the sentencing remarks of twenty six men with a fine collection of key offences, describing their content with the sentencing they received. The aim of the study was to observe how legal justifications were connected to the theories of punishment (202).  Ninety percent of men who were sentenced arrived in the court room with an agreed recommendation or a cap, majority of who did not express remorse or admit guilt. Two thirds...

Procedural justice unlike procedural due process is a psychological concept that influences the perceptions of procedures that are used to make decisions. Procedural justice system is the fairness employed in settling of dispute and allocation of resources. It is involved in the administration of justice and legal proceedings. It may as well be used in the informal resolution of conflicts or even divided benefits. It is concerned with the fairness and accountability of the processes which are involved...

Methods employed in data collection Human trafficking is a criminal act where offenders engage in recruitment, transportation and harboring of persons, through coercion, abduction or deception with the sole aim of exploiting them. Although human trafficking is the worlds second most profitable criminal activity after drug trafficking, it is gaining a lot of popularity to become the worlds most growing criminal act (Territo and Kirkham, 2009). In 2001, the government of the United States, through...

A survey of new methods and their potential Notions of what justice is are always evolving. There always questions as to whether the criminal justice system is capable of providing true justice. There are three constituencies involved - the offender, the victims and the community as a whole. Providing justice to all three is a tricky proposition. In recent years, some communities have tried to implement more holistic systems to serve victims and perpetrators. Restorative justice is one way in...